Drafting instrument.



G. VILLENEUVE.

DRAFTING INSTRUMENT. APPLICATION IILBD JULY 2, 1909.

Patented Oct. 24, 191 1.

2 BKEETSB.HEET 2.

WITNESSES enonen vrntimnuvn, or rrrrsrmnn, ssacnusnr'rs.

ni iarrme ms'rnum'mr.

Specification of Letters Patent Patented (lot. 24, 1911.

a plication filed m 2, 1909. Serial No. 505,?08.

To all it may waters:

Be it known that I, Grouse VmNnUvE,

a citizen of the United States of America,

and resident of Pittsfield, in the county of Berkshire and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Drafting Instruments, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact-description,

This invention relates to a drafting ma chine or apparatus and particularl' per tains to a device of the character in icated by means of which the lines on a sheet of paper on a drawing. board may be made in parallelism with each other and all either parallel with the base or erpendicular lines of the board or at any esired angle thereto' and with any predetermined distance of spacing. The device is especially availablefor the plotting of surveyors plans or maps, for placing of surface shadin or tints thereon with absolute uniformity in the spacing of the lines.

The invention consists in the combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and set forth in the claims; 7

In the drawings :Figure 1 is a plan view of the drawing machine or apparatus shown as applied on a'drawing board; Fig. 2 is a partial front elevation of the drawing' machine with some parts of the latter and the drawing board in vertical section as talgen on line 2-2, Fig. 1; Fi 3 is a vertical sectional view taken at rig t angles to Fig. 2 and on the line 3-3, Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a view of the feed shaft and appurtenances thereof,

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all of the views. 7

In the drawings, A represents a drawing board of rectangular form,10 being understood as the base or lower edge thereof. The drawing board has at its opposite edges 12, 12, which are at right angles to its base edge,

and extending preferably the entire length of such edges, metallic strips a a secured in place on the edges of the board by screws and each comprising a vertical attachment member 13, a right angular and outwardly extending horizon tal member 14 and a depending member 15.

The horizontal ortion 14 of each metallic strip is provi ed with a series of circular perforations 16' at regular intervals whereby the strip is constituted, in substance, a rack.

represents a flat horizontal bar to rest on or in proximity to the upper side edge 10, said bar B ha'vin ,up 'and down on the boar ,bodily acarriage C appurtenant to which 'is a protra'ctor D having straight edge radius arms E and F to constitute rulers on the scale bars and angle determining members. The bar B is made in the form of an 1 inverted channel a with horizontal base extensions a at opposite sides of the channel portion a, and the said bar has, at its oppogsite end portions the casings G, G2 aflixed ;the re0n by the screws 20, 20',

f Provided within the casings G and Gr and aflixed to the latter in any suitable man- ;ner are'bearings b to support the end por- ;tions of a feed shaft J and permit the free irotation .thereof, the friction of the shaft in its bearings being reduced by the provision of the balls as indicated. The feed shaft has at its opposite end portions cog wheels or pinions d d, the teeth of which have engagements in the perforations 16 of the rack bars at each end of the drawing board so that when rotative movement is imparted to the shaft in either direction the bar B will be caused to move upwardly away from or downwardly toward the base edge of the drawing board and always para feed motion sha'ft at one side of one end bearing 6 preivents the shaft from having any endwise movement in one direction while the pinion 'd afli'xed on the shaft at the opposite side of the bearing prevents the shaft from moving in the opposite direction. Appurtenant to the shaft at the left hand of its left hand pinion d is a ratchet wheel 6 with which coacts a pawl bar which is slidable in the manner of a bolt in the pawl carrying arm or lever g, the pawl being pressed to engage ment with the teeth of the ratchet by the spring in as shown in Fig. 2. The pawlcarrying arm is, at its lower portion, hung on the feed shaft J whereby it may have its oscillatory movement with the shaft as its support and fulcrum; and the casing G is apertured through its top to permit the swinging movements of the pawl carrymg arm whlch extends above the top of said casing. The casing G adjacent the pawl and it carries allel therewith. The collar 0 aflixed on the of the drawing board parallel with its base exert a carrying arm is formed with an arc shape flange a; about which straddles and to WhlCh is secured, by the screw j, the ratchet sto At, an extension member 70 of which exten ing across the aperture 23 in the to of the,casing G to the right hand side 0 the ratchet wheel 0, registers with graduations 12, on the partially cylindrical top of the casing. By having the art In serve as an abutment, which may lie variably positioned to l1m1t the degree of the swinging movement of the pawl carrying arm, the amount of the ratchet feed movement of the shaft and the rack and pinion movement of the bar B at each actuation may be determined and uniformly accomplished.

n, Figs. 1 and 2, represents ascrew enagin through the top wall of the casing an having a tension-engagement agalnst the collar 0 which is afiixed on the shaft. By more or less tightening the screw it may frictioning or tensioning eflfect to prevent too free rotation of the shaft J,

bar B up and down on and yet its purpose usually is not to prevent the operation of the shaft, although in some cases it will be desirable to set the screw hard against the collar to revent any rotative movement of the sha as might be desirable at times when the bar B is required to be held absolutely stationary and absolutely immovable on the drawing board.

For parallel rulin the straight edged radius bar F will usuafiy be employed; but for oblique section lining or the ma ing of vertical lines the radius bar E will usually be employed, and the spacings thereo accomplished by the movements from right to left, or-vice versa of the carriage O, on which both the radius bars F and E are mounted with capabilities of swinging movements for the acquirement by each of a position at any angle to'the base or altitude lines.

The inverted trough-shaped portion of the bar B, on which the carriage C is slidably fitted has in the top wall of such trough portion a regularly spaced series of perforations 30 engaging in which is a small cog wheel or pinion 0 in a casing K which casing is formed on or aflixed to the carriage C and constituting a journal bearing for the pinion carrying shaft p which has a ratchet wheel g afiixed thereon coacting with which is a ratchet catch or pawl 7', carried on a hand wheel 8 loose on the shaft, and by which the shaft may be turned.

k represents a pawl stop adjustable on a flange i of the casing, very much similarin form and capability for action to the pawl stop is hereinabove referred to in conjunction with the rotative feed devices for the shaft J.

the feed movement of the the board will be socured by the swinging movements of the In the operation,

'stituted by a margin of the bar pawl carrying arm of the aperture .23 in the casing G, and the pawl-stop k which may be adjusted to position nearer to or farther from the mar of the aperture as desired; and when desired to have the bar B free to be slid quickly and for a considerable distance, the pawl may be temporarily lifted from its engagement with the ratchet wheel through means of the finger stud f; and any lifting displacement of the bar B upwardly awa from the board or displacement om its proper rack and pinion engagement with the board is prevented by the angle lugs 40, 40, which are aflixed on the un erside of the end portions of the bar and have engagements by members thereof under down turned portions 15, 15, of the metallic strips in which the rack bars are comprised. The feed movement of the carriafe Omay be accomplished b the back an forth rotative movements 0 the pawlcarr ing hand-wheel s, which carries the paw the top of the carriage as far as permitted by the properly adjusted pawl stop In order that the inion or cog wheel on the right hand end 0 the feed'shaft may be self adjusting, so as to alwa s be in mesh with the rack irrespective c any swelling or shrinking of the drawing board, such pinion is engaged on the feed shaft by having its central a erture made for a sli fit on the shaft, tihe extremity of whic is formed with a longitudinal slot 42,- -the g, between the limits conpin 43 penetrating the body of the cog wheel and engaging through the slot.

The radius bar or ruler E is carried by a holder E which is pivotally engaged about an upstanding screw stud 44 on the carriage (in which the rotractor D is comprised its confinement 1n any given adjustment being by means of the clamping nut 46. The holder E has a split hub-like part 47 with ear lugs 48, 48, at each side of the cleft engaged with which is a vclamping screw 49; and the radius bar or scale ruler E has a foot piece 50 formed as a part of which is an upstanding member 52, provided with a horizontal stud 53 which fits in the circular aperture in the split hub 47 and is detacha ly confined therein by the clamping screw 49. Scales having difl'erent graduations ma be interchanged 1n the holder E The inner orforward extremity 55 of the holder E has vernier lines 56 for registry with the graduations in circular arrangement on the protractor D; and in order that the radius bar comprising the scale E and the holder E may e adjusted and held at anyof the more commonly required angles, such as those of fifteen, thirty or forty-five degrees, the slidable dog 60 is provided for detachable engagement with an of the angle determining notches 62 formed on the conas desire i j cave ed of the 'protractor D, this do'g 60 comprising a lower block or engagement; member and an upstanding screw 64 which: may have a limited movement in slot to in; the. arm or portion 55 of the radius bar: holder E ,the nut 66 operating as a member for slidin the dog and also for binding at, tempura y, in any givm set positron.

The radius barcomprising a scaleor ruler F is detachably carried by a holder W thers- -for which has a hub 47* similar to I the one provided for the the holder, which is in the form of a flat plate, rests on the top of the holder E, is pivotally engaged about the aforementioned I screw stud (l4, and is confined by the clamping nut 45, which has ascre'w thread engagement on the exterior of the nut 46. I It is 1 seen in Fig. 3 that'the bearingl extremity of the nut 46 is entered throng an n-ing therefor in the upper holder F with: the.

, nut 45 has a clamping bind only on the:

holder E so that the nuts individually and independently confine the radius bar holders for which they are respectively provided, and so that either holder may be loosened to be swung without loosening the other.

In order that the holder F for the bar or ruler F may be swung entirely around its pivotal center of motion, the outer part of the holder F is upwardly offset from the part which is clamped by the nut 45.

I claim 1. In a drafting device, in combination, a drawing board having racks at its opposite upright edges, a bar arranged horizontally crosswise of the board, and a rotative shaft journaled thereon and having toothed wheels at its opposite extremities engaging with the racks, a carria e engaged with and slidable horizontally aIong the length of said bar, and provided with an affixed protractor plate, means for imparting rotative movements to said shaft and means for imparting a feed movement to the carriage along the length of said bar, and a pair of radius arms pivotally connected. at a common center on the carriage, and one thereof having a member for registering with the protractor.

2. A drawing board having parallel racks at its opposite edges, a bar slidably engaged with the rack provided board, and having.

the form of a long inverted trough provided ar or ruler E; and

provided with a g wheel engaging in said perforations, means for impartin a rotative eed movement to the'last named shaft and a straight edged bar mounted on said carriage and extending over and in close proximity to the surface of the drawin board.

3. a drafting device, a drawing board hav ng at its opposite upright edges, metal'hc members afiixed thereto, each having a hiou'iaontal portion thereof provided with regularly spaced perforations, a bar and a rotative feed shaft journaled on said bar and having pinions at its end engaging in said perforations, said bar having at its extremltles depending an ular members engaging under portions o the said metallic perforated members, a carriage slidable along the "said bar and a radlus bar or ruler connected to and extending from the carriage and having a position in proximity to the :upper surface of the board.

4. In a drafting device, a drawing board having a rack at its edge, a bar movable up and down on the face of the board having a rotative shaft provided with a pinion in mesh with the rack, having a ratchet wheel afiixed thereon and having an affixed collar, a feed pawl coacting with the ratchet wheel, and a screw adapted to have as required a frictional or a binding engagement with said collar, a carriage slidable along the length of the bar and a ruler carried by and extending from said carriage on the face of the drawing board.

v5. In a drafting device, a drawing board having strips at its opposite edges provided with regularly spaced perforations for constituting a rack, a bar having a rotative feed shaft journaled thereon and provided at its end portions with cog wheels engaging inthe perforations of said strips, one of said cog wheels being longitudinally slidable but non-rotative relatively to the feed shaft, means for turning the feed shaft, and a carriage slidable along said bar having a straight edge radius arm projecting therefrom.

6. In a drafting device, drawing board having racks at its opposite uprightedges, a bar and a rotative shaft journaled thereon and having toothed wheels at its extremities engaging with the racks, a carriage slidable along the length of said bar, and provided with an afiixed upstanding screw stud, means for imparting rotative movements to said shaft and means for imparting a feed movement to the carriage along the length of said bar, a radius arm having its inner extremity resting-on the carriage and having a hole therein by which it is in combination, a

arm having a portion thereof resting on the first named radius arm, having a hole therethrough larger than the one in the first arm, and through and beyond which said stud 12a fitted over said stud, another radius v externally upwardy extends,'a nut both internally and threaded screwing on said stud and having the lower end thereof extended through the larger hole in the upper radius bar and engaging the lower bar, and another nut screw engaging on the first named nut and having at its bottom an engagement with the upper radius bar.

7. In a drafting device, in combination, a drawing board having racks at its opposite upright edges, a bar and arotative shaft journaled thereon and having toothed wheels at its extremities engaging with the racks, a carriage slidable along the length of said bar, and. provided with an aflixed curved protractor plate'having angle determining notches in its concave edge, means for imparting rotative movements to said shaft and means for imparting a feed move ment to the carriage along the length of said a bar, and a pair of radius arms pivotally connected at a common center "on thecarriage, and one thereof having a longitudinal slot therein, a art comprising a dog for engagement an disengagement with and from the said angle determining notches, and a screw stud upwardly extending through said slot, and a nut engaging on said screw stud and having a bottoming engagement on the slot rovlded radius arm.

Signed by me at gpringfield, Mass, in presence of two subscribin witnesses.

- GEORGE %LLENEUVE.

Witnesses: I

G. R. DRISCOLL, WM. S. Bnnnows. 

